一、大葱的种植时间

1、秋季种植时间：第一年秋季9月上旬播种，以幼苗越冬，第二年夏季5月上中旬定植，冬前收获，窖藏或露地越冬，第三年春季抽签开花，复季采收种子。定植时的秧苗可于5月上旬至6月下旬作为小葱上市；也可在立夏前后采用平畦丛栽（撮撮葱）或缩小行株距栽成沟葱作为秋葱供应，或越冬后作为早春羊角葱供应。

2、春季种植时间：早春上壤解冻以后播种，炎夏来临前作为小葱供应，或定植后当年收获作为干葱或沟葱供应。亦可越冬作为羊角葱或作为留种的种株。

3、夏季种植时间：多在7月下旬到8月上旬播种，故又称伏葱。当年越冬时植株较大。易完成春化过程，翌春萌发早而且很快抽薹开花。一般接羊角葱之后上市。

二、大葱的种植方法

播种

大葱是葱类蔬菜之一，产量高，栽培容易，病虫害较少，既耐贮藏又耐运输。它是一种很受欢迎的蔬菜和重要的调味品，不仅畅销全国，并可大量出口换回外汇。

大葱种子细小，种皮坚厚，子叶出土，幼苗生长较缓慢，苗期长。为缩短占地时间，便于管理均进行育苗移栽。苗床地不可重茬。前作收获后，深翻施肥，一般做成宽（连沟）1.4米的高畦。苗床应精细整理，播前床面渗透水，用新籽撒播，每亩大田用种量为75—100克。播种后覆土2厘米，然后覆盖稻草或薄膜，以增温保湿，加快出苗。

大葱病虫害防治

1、虫害

反季栽培的大葱虫害主要有潜叶蝇、葱蓟马、甜菜夜蛾等。防治方法：在若虫发生高峰期，喷洒10 %吡虫啉可湿性粉剂2 000～2 500倍液，每7～l0 d喷1次，连续防治2～3次。在成虫发生初盛期和幼虫潜叶为害盛期，用1.8 %阿维菌素乳油2 000～3 000倍液，喷雾防治，每7～l0 d喷1次，连续防治2～3次。

2、病害

病害主要有紫斑病、霜霉病、病毒病等。

1）紫斑病 ：及时拔除病株或摘除病叶、病花梗，并将其深埋或烧毁；发病初期，喷施75 %百菌清，可湿性粉剂500～600倍液或70 %代森锰锌可湿性粉剂500倍液或64 %杀毒矾可湿性粉剂500倍液等，以上药剂交替使用，每7～10 d喷1次，连续防治2～3次。

2）霜霉病：发病初期，喷施25 %甲霜灵可湿性粉剂或75 %百菌清可湿性粉剂500～600倍液，每隔7 d喷1次，连喷3～4次。

3）病毒病：早期发现病株及时拔出，集中深埋或烧毁。加强肥水管理，及时防治蚜虫。在发病初期，喷洒20 %病毒A可湿性粉剂500倍液，连续喷施2～3次。 [7] 

二、大葱需肥规律

我国是一个人口众多而耕地资源相对不足的国家，农业增产主要依赖于单产的提高，肥料的施用对作物单产的提高起着重要的作用。但是，长期以来，我国农村盲目施肥现象严重，这不仅造成农业生产成本增加，而且带来严重的环境污染，威胁农产品质量安全，影响农业质量、品质的进一步提高。因此，掌握植物的需肥规律进行平衡施肥，显得尤为重要。

参考资料百度百科--大葱--栽培技术  病虫害防治

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