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老人与孩子rn 我和妈妈经常去世纪联华，也常常看见一位老人在出口处吹笛子。我每次看见他，都会放些钱，因为他让我想起了我的爷爷。rn 一天我与妈妈出来，照例给了那老人一元钱。可是之后却直径走到旁边的肯德基去……我带着好奇的心情和妈妈说了一声便去看看他。那老爷爷竟然买了一个蛋筒和些吃的，然后慢慢转向马路边的一个小巷子里。和善的老人骗了我，我跟着她进了小巷子。rn 在巷子里，我看到了一幕让我不忍出声的情景：一个连死蜡黄的还不满周岁的小婴儿躺在破烂的小床上，衣服也又破又烂，原本白净的小手全成了黑的，嘴里还在叫着，看来已经几天没吃饭了。只见老爷爷慢慢拿着刚买的食品给孩子吃。或许这是孩子的爷爷吧,我想。但老爷爷却说：“娃呀，吃吧，我也养不活你了，你爸妈太狠心了，把你一个人丢下。”孩子见有吃的了，也停止了哭泣，用小手抱着蛋筒一点一点地吮吸着。一会儿功夫，一直小号蛋筒就被他吃完了。老爷爷又拿出其他吃的一点一点喂他吃,还说“慢点啊。”rn 我呆住了，我久久的看着，看着……英语：Old people I and mother often go to century couplet China with
the child , see that one old people plays flute in exit also
try to often. I see that he , the city put in some of money
every time, because of he has let me remember my grandfather。I and mother have come out one day , have given that old people once basic money as a rule. But, the diameter goes to the side Kendeji afterwards but go to, ... I have said one sound just visiting him with curious state of mind and mother. That grandpa actually has bought a small alley lining of a egg tube and the edge some, eating, and then changing to slowly a road. The genial old people has swindled me , I have followed her having entered the small alley.
Within the alley, I have seen one act let me can't endure the scene uttering: Young including fairly discontented dead sallow one full year of life one baby lies on ragged small bed , clothes also both break and rot, small fair and clear copy of the first edition hand entire able black's, the several day has not eaten most probably already in the mouth as early as being shouting. See that grandpa is eaten by child being holding the food just buying slowly only. This probably is that child's grandfather , I think of. But, grandpa says but: "The child ah, has had meal in , I cannot also support your, your dad mummy has been very cruel , your one people has been left behind ". The child is had eat have also stopped weeping , have used small hand to be carrying egg tube distance of 1.1 in breast being sucking. Ability a moment, the trumpet egg tube has always been over by him. Grandpa takes out to eat other 1.1 o'clock feeding with him eat, say "get slower.
I am dumbfounded, I for a long , long time be watching , be taking a look on that, ...
日文：お年寄りや子供たち
私と私の母umc频繁にして、彼らはたびたび表示される出口での高齢者のchuidiの息子がいます。彼を见るたびに、もっとお金のために彼は私の祖父を思い起こさせる。
アウト一日私と私の母は、いつものように、高齢者のことを一元のお金です。しかし、后に行くの横にあるケンタッキー州の太さに太く… …私は人の気持ちに好奇心と彼女の母亲によるとアウトに会うことができなかった。 dantongを买うの祖父は、いくつかを食べると入力し、徐々にして马-ストリート车线ヤードです。高齢者のための私を裏切ったといい、私は彼女の狭い路地をします。
での路地に、私の一场面を见たことはできません。クマのシーンをchusheng ： lahuangの死すら小さな赤ちゃんの上に寝そべって男zhousui壊れた小さなベッド、服が壊れて再び腐ったとは、元の监査院静なったのすべての小さな手に黒い、彼の口からまだ角zhe 、食事をしなかったが表示さには数日中です。ゆっくりとするだけの祖父の子供たちに食粮を购入して食べる。おそらくこれは、子供たちの祖父、私の愿いです。しかし、祖父によると： "彼女ああ、食べる、私は生きていけないご支援、ご両亲もhenxin 、 1つを落としています。 "を食べる详细については、子供たちが、泣いているとも停止し、小さなshoubao dantongで、 1.1をポイントして吸う。トランペットに向けた努力がされている间dantong后、彼は残されていました。彼の祖父や他の食品に饵を食べて1.1ポイント、追加されました： "遅い、ああ。 "
私daizhu 、私に长い时间见て、见て… …
أنا وامي في كثير من الاحيان الى umc ، وهم غالبا ما ينظرون الى خروج من كبار السن في chuidi الابن. في كل مرة ارى له ، وسوف يضع المزيد من المال لأنه يذكرني جدي.
يوم واحد انا وامي ، كالعاده ، الى ان أحد كبار السن يوان من المال. ولكن بعد ان اذهب بعد الى قطر في كنتاكي…… أخذت لمشاعر الفضول والدتها وقال انه من اصل لمقابلته. الجد كان dantong وشراء بعض لتناول الطعام ، وبعد ذلك تدريجيا الى حصان الشوارع ممرات ساحة. وجيدة للمسنين الاحتيال لي ، اتبعت لها الى زقاق صغير.
في الزقاق ، ورأيت المشهد الاول ولا يمكن ان تتحمل لchusheng المشاهد : وفاة lahuang ليست صغيرة حتى الكذب على الطفل رجل صغير zhousui كسر السرير ، والملابس الفاسده وكسر مرة اخرى ، فإن الأصل باي جينغ اصبحت كل يد قليلا الاسود ، وفمه لا يزال جياو زهي ، لا يبدو انها وجبة خلال الايام القليلة القادمة. الا ببطء مع الجد بشراء الاغذيه للاطفال الذين لتناول الطعام. ربما كان هذا هو الطفل جدي ، وأتمنى. ولكن الجد وقال : "وقالت انها آه ، وتناول الطعام ، وانا لا يعيش على دعمكم ، والديك henxin جدا ، كنت اسقطت واحدة." نرى الاطفال للأكل ، وكما توقف البكاء ، مع shoubao الصغيرة Dantong في تمتص الى 1،1 نقطة. وفي حين تم بذل جهود على البوق dantong بعد ان كان قد تم. جدة وغيرها من الاكل من اصل بلده من الغذاء لاطعام 1،1 نقطة ، واضاف : "بطيءه ، آه."
Daizhu الاول ، شاهدت منذ وقت طويل ، ومشاهدة……
中文 » 阿拉伯文 翻译
阿拉伯：
the child , see that one old people plays flute in exit also
try to often. I see that he , the city put in some of money
every time, because of he has let me remember my grandfather。I and mother have come out one day , have given that old people once basic money as a rule. But, the diameter goes to the side Kendeji afterwards but go to, ... I have said one sound just visiting him with curious state of mind and mother. That grandpa actually has bought a small alley lining of a egg tube and the edge some, eating, and then changing to slowly a road. The genial old people has swindled me , I have followed her having entered the small alley.
Within the alley, I have seen one act let me can't endure the scene uttering: Young including fairly discontented dead sallow one full year of life one baby lies on ragged small bed , clothes also both break and rot, small fair and clear copy of the first edition hand entire able black's, the several day has not eaten most probably already in the mouth as early as being shouting. See that grandpa is eaten by child being holding the food just buying slowly only. This probably is that child's grandfather , I think of. But, grandpa says but: "The child ah, has had meal in , I cannot also support your, your dad mummy has been very cruel , your one people has been left behind ". The child is had eat have also stopped weeping , have used small hand to be carrying egg tube distance of 1.1 in breast being sucking. Ability a moment, the trumpet egg tube has always been over by him. Grandpa takes out to eat other 1.1 o'clock feeding with him eat, say "get slower.
I am dumbfounded, I for a long , long time be watching , be taking a look on that, ...
日文：お年寄りや子供たち
私と私の母umc频繁にして、彼らはたびたび表示される出口での高齢者のchuidiの息子がいます。彼を见るたびに、もっとお金のために彼は私の祖父を思い起こさせる。
アウト一日私と私の母は、いつものように、高齢者のことを一元のお金です。しかし、后に行くの横にあるケンタッキー州の太さに太く… …私は人の気持ちに好奇心と彼女の母亲によるとアウトに会うことができなかった。 dantongを买うの祖父は、いくつかを食べると入力し、徐々にして马-ストリート车线ヤードです。高齢者のための私を裏切ったといい、私は彼女の狭い路地をします。
での路地に、私の一场面を见たことはできません。クマのシーンをchusheng ： lahuangの死すら小さな赤ちゃんの上に寝そべって男zhousui壊れた小さなベッド、服が壊れて再び腐ったとは、元の监査院静なったのすべての小さな手に黒い、彼の口からまだ角zhe 、食事をしなかったが表示さには数日中です。ゆっくりとするだけの祖父の子供たちに食粮を购入して食べる。おそらくこれは、子供たちの祖父、私の愿いです。しかし、祖父によると： "彼女ああ、食べる、私は生きていけないご支援、ご両亲もhenxin 、 1つを落としています。 "を食べる详细については、子供たちが、泣いているとも停止し、小さなshoubao dantongで、 1.1をポイントして吸う。トランペットに向けた努力がされている间dantong后、彼は残されていました。彼の祖父や他の食品に饵を食べて1.1ポイント、追加されました： "遅い、ああ。 "
私daizhu 、私に长い时间见て、见て… …
أنا وامي في كثير من الاحيان الى umc ، وهم غالبا ما ينظرون الى خروج من كبار السن في chuidi الابن. في كل مرة ارى له ، وسوف يضع المزيد من المال لأنه يذكرني جدي.
يوم واحد انا وامي ، كالعاده ، الى ان أحد كبار السن يوان من المال. ولكن بعد ان اذهب بعد الى قطر في كنتاكي…… أخذت لمشاعر الفضول والدتها وقال انه من اصل لمقابلته. الجد كان dantong وشراء بعض لتناول الطعام ، وبعد ذلك تدريجيا الى حصان الشوارع ممرات ساحة. وجيدة للمسنين الاحتيال لي ، اتبعت لها الى زقاق صغير.
في الزقاق ، ورأيت المشهد الاول ولا يمكن ان تتحمل لchusheng المشاهد : وفاة lahuang ليست صغيرة حتى الكذب على الطفل رجل صغير zhousui كسر السرير ، والملابس الفاسده وكسر مرة اخرى ، فإن الأصل باي جينغ اصبحت كل يد قليلا الاسود ، وفمه لا يزال جياو زهي ، لا يبدو انها وجبة خلال الايام القليلة القادمة. الا ببطء مع الجد بشراء الاغذيه للاطفال الذين لتناول الطعام. ربما كان هذا هو الطفل جدي ، وأتمنى. ولكن الجد وقال : "وقالت انها آه ، وتناول الطعام ، وانا لا يعيش على دعمكم ، والديك henxin جدا ، كنت اسقطت واحدة." نرى الاطفال للأكل ، وكما توقف البكاء ، مع shoubao الصغيرة Dantong في تمتص الى 1،1 نقطة. وفي حين تم بذل جهود على البوق dantong بعد ان كان قد تم. جدة وغيرها من الاكل من اصل بلده من الغذاء لاطعام 1،1 نقطة ، واضاف : "بطيءه ، آه."
Daizhu الاول ، شاهدت منذ وقت طويل ، ومشاهدة……
中文 » 阿拉伯文 翻译
阿拉伯：
你要知道专业翻译是按字数收钱的
怎么译？
求帮忙翻译一篇英语文章。 急！！！！高分悬赏！！！
s are now classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. This species suffered a dramatic decline during the 1950s and 1960s, mainly as a result of over-exploitation of eggs, the slaughter of adult turtles, and mortality caused by shrimp trawl fisheries, and between 1978 and 1991, only about 200 females nested each year. Kemp’s ridley nests are easily located and exploited by human collectors and natural predators alike, as the females nest in such large concentrations and dig shallow, poorly disguised nests. Although exploitation of turtle eggs has decreased somewhat as a result of conservation efforts, shrimp trawlers and oil spills remain a major threat to the survival of Kemp’s ridley turtle, with hundreds or thousands of individuals getting caught accidentally in the nets and drowning each year.nnConservationnSince the implementation of targeted conservation measures, Kemp’s ridley turtles have begun to show signs of recovery, with the nesting population currently estimated at more than 1,000 individuals. The Mexican government set up armed patrols in the 1960s to protect nesting sites during the breeding season, and Rancho Nuevo, the main nesting beach, was declared a National Reserve in 1977. These actions, in addition to other legal protections for the species, have contributed to a huge reduction in illegal trade in Kemp’s ridley turtles. A huge drive to encourage shrimp trawl fisheries worldwide to use turtle excluder devices (TEDs), which help reduce th...现在被看做严重濒危物种，被列在自然保护联盟红色名单上。这个物种的数量在20世纪50年代至60年代遭遇了戏剧性的下降，这要归因为对龟蛋的过度开采，以及对成年龟的大屠杀。也有一部分原因在于虾拖网渔业，在1978年到1991年之间，每年只有约200只雌龟筑巢。肯普氏丽龟的巢穴很容易被人类和捕食者发现，因为雌龟都集中筑巢，而且巢穴很浅，也没有很好的伪装。尽管通过保护，对龟蛋的开采已经有所减少，但是虾拖网以及石油泄漏对它们来说仍然构成威胁。每年都有成百上千的肯普氏丽龟意外地被渔网困住然后被溺死。
关于保护
因为各种有目标的保护措施的事实，肯普氏丽龟的数量已经开始恢复，最近它们的巢穴数量大约有超过1000个。墨西哥政府在20世纪60年代开始动用武装巡逻来保护肯普氏丽龟在繁殖期的筑巢地。新兰乔，作为最主要的筑巢海岸，在1977年申请成为国家保护地区。这些措施，以及一些其他的合法的保护措施，为肯普氏丽龟的非法贸易的减少做出了巨大贡献。虾拖网渔业在强大的驱使和鼓励下开始使用“海龟逃脱装置”，这个措施帮助减少。。。
满意请及时采纳 谢谢合作
【百度知道guziqianiiii】
关于保护
因为各种有目标的保护措施的事实，肯普氏丽龟的数量已经开始恢复，最近它们的巢穴数量大约有超过1000个。墨西哥政府在20世纪60年代开始动用武装巡逻来保护肯普氏丽龟在繁殖期的筑巢地。新兰乔，作为最主要的筑巢海岸，在1977年申请成为国家保护地区。这些措施，以及一些其他的合法的保护措施，为肯普氏丽龟的非法贸易的减少做出了巨大贡献。虾拖网渔业在强大的驱使和鼓励下开始使用“海龟逃脱装置”，这个措施帮助减少。。。
满意请及时采纳 谢谢合作
【百度知道guziqianiiii】
现在被列为极度濒危物种红皮书。这种种遭遇了戏剧性的下降，在50年代和60年代，主要是由于过度开采的鸡蛋，成年海龟屠宰，死亡率及虾拖网渔业造成的，和之间的1978和1991，只有200的女性嵌套每年。肯普的里德利巢很容易找到，并由人类的收藏家和天敌都利用，在这样的大浓度的女性的巢和挖浅，伪装的巢。虽然海龟蛋的开发具有一定的由于保护力度下降，虾拖网渔船和漏油保持到肯普的里德利海龟的生存的主要威胁，与数百或个人被意外地在网和溺水每年成千上万。
保护
由于有针对性的保护措施的实施，肯普的里德利海龟已经开始显示出复苏的迹象，与嵌套的人口目前估计超过1000人。墨西哥政府成立了武装巡逻队在上世纪60年代在繁殖季节保护筑巢地点，和牧场新，主要筑巢的海滩，是在1977宣布国家保护区。这些行动，除其它法律保护的物种，有助于在肯普的里德利海龟的非法贸易，一个巨大的减少。鼓励虾拖网渔业在世界范围内使用一个巨大的海龟逃脱装置驱动（TEDS），这有助于减少了
保护
由于有针对性的保护措施的实施，肯普的里德利海龟已经开始显示出复苏的迹象，与嵌套的人口目前估计超过1000人。墨西哥政府成立了武装巡逻队在上世纪60年代在繁殖季节保护筑巢地点，和牧场新，主要筑巢的海滩，是在1977宣布国家保护区。这些行动，除其它法律保护的物种，有助于在肯普的里德利海龟的非法贸易，一个巨大的减少。鼓励虾拖网渔业在世界范围内使用一个巨大的海龟逃脱装置驱动（TEDS），这有助于减少了
急！！！英语高手请进，帮忙翻译一篇文章
今天我想说一说关于电影方面的东西。最近出的我比较感兴趣的电影呢，比如说《2012》，《刺陵》。。。。。。喜欢《刺陵》呢还是因为我是一个十足的杰迷吧，所以他的电影我一直是很喜欢的。rn提到电影呢不得不让我想到最近出的一部电影《阿凡达》，虽然我还没有看过，单身通过各种信息渠道已经了解了不少。这部影片上映四周，他继续称霸全球票房，比较史上最卖座的电影《泰坦尼克号》的票房纪录。就上周末《阿凡达>》进账1.915亿美元，全球总票房已达13亿美元。上周三正式超越《指环王：王者归来》11.2亿美元的票房纪录。成为电影史上第二卖座大片。当然，这也让喜欢嗲呀的我期待早日观赏这部如此有影响力的影片啦。rn其实最初看电影我比较喜欢搞笑类的，因为觉得看电影就是来放松自己，所以一开始很钟情星爷额的电影，大概是他那种搞笑风格吸引了我吧，他有段很经典的对白想必大家都知道吧！“曾经有一段真挚的爱情摆在我面前我没有好好去珍惜，当我失去她时才追悔莫及！人世间最痛苦的事莫过于此！如果上天再给我一次机会我会对那个女孩说：我爱你！如果非要将这份爱加上一个期限,我希望是一万年！”其实，后来发现看电影也能从中学到很多东西，某些电影是意味深http://www.rixia.cc长的，让人感悟到人生哲理。rn当然，看英文版的电影对提高自己的英语听力也是很好的。rn rnrnrn好的话，可以提高悬赏的啊~Today, I want to say something about movies. Have I'm more interested in the film, for example, the spurs by baling "... Like the sting of baling or because I'm a real fan, so he is always the movie I liked.
Mention films had recently? Let me think the film, "who reaches, although I haven't seen through various channels of information, single has learned a lot. The movie theaters around, he continued to dominate global box-office, compare in the history of the blockbuster film "Titanic" box office records. Just last weekend, all of the 1.915 > > sum total box office, global $13 billion already. Beyond the rings on official: the return of the king "11.2 billion dollar box office records. The second-highest earning film become the big. Of course, it also makes the dia! I like to watch this early so influential movies.
Actually, I prefer the original movies, because I felt funny movie is to relax yourself, so start a movie star, the elder is about his funny styles attracted me, he has long classic dialogue everybody knows! "There was a sincere love before me, I did not take to cherish, when I lost her only regret! The most painful thing of this! If the god give me another chance, I the girl say: I love you! If this is love with a deadline, I hope is 10,000 years!" Actually, then find watching movies can also learn many things, some film is meaningful, let a person feel the life philosophy.
Watching English movies, of course, to improve their English listening comprehension is very good.
Mention films had recently? Let me think the film, "who reaches, although I haven't seen through various channels of information, single has learned a lot. The movie theaters around, he continued to dominate global box-office, compare in the history of the blockbuster film "Titanic" box office records. Just last weekend, all of the 1.915 > > sum total box office, global $13 billion already. Beyond the rings on official: the return of the king "11.2 billion dollar box office records. The second-highest earning film become the big. Of course, it also makes the dia! I like to watch this early so influential movies.
Actually, I prefer the original movies, because I felt funny movie is to relax yourself, so start a movie star, the elder is about his funny styles attracted me, he has long classic dialogue everybody knows! "There was a sincere love before me, I did not take to cherish, when I lost her only regret! The most painful thing of this! If the god give me another chance, I the girl say: I love you! If this is love with a deadline, I hope is 10,000 years!" Actually, then find watching movies can also learn many things, some film is meaningful, let a person feel the life philosophy.
Watching English movies, of course, to improve their English listening comprehension is very good.
Today I want to say about the movie aspect thing. Recently left I compared am interested the movie, for example "2012", "Punctured Mausoleum". . . . . . Likes "Puncturing Mausoleum" because I am ten full outstanding fans, therefore his movie I have been like very much. mentioned that the movie can not but let me think recently left a movie "Arab League Every Reached", although I have not looked, alone already had understood through each kind of information channel many. This movie screens all aro日夏养花网und, he continues to dominate the global box office, most attracts a lot of customers compared with the history in the movie "Titanic" the box office record. "Arab League Every Reached on last weekend >" income 191,500,000 US dollars, the global total box office has amounted to 1,300,000,000 US dollars. Last Wednesday surmounted "the finger ring king officially: King return" 1,120,000,000 US dollar box office records. Becomes in the movie history second to attract a lot of customers the big piece. Certainly, this also lets likes whining me anticipate that soon will watch this so to have the influence movie. looked at first actually the movie I compare like doing smile the kind, because thought that looked the movie is relaxes itself, therefore is deeply in love very much from the very beginning the star master volume movie, was probably his that kind does smiles the style to attract me, he had the section very classical dialog to think that everybody knew! “once some section of sincere love suspended in front of me I does not have to treasure well, when I lose her only then regrets not and! Society most painful matter nothing better than this! If will ascend the sky gives me an opportunity I to say again to that girl: I love you! If must add on this love a deadline, I hoped that is 10,000 years!”Actually, afterward discovered that looked the movie can also from the middle school to many thing, certain movies be the meaning, lets the person feeling become aware the life philosophy. is natural, looked that the English edition the movie to enhances own English hearing is also very good.
Today I would like to talk about the films of things. Recently out of the film I am more interested in it, for example, "2012", "thorn-Ling." . . . . . Like "thorn hills" mean or is it because I am a fan kit full bar, so he has always been a movie I like.
That reminds me of the film it had to let out a recent film "Affan up", although I have not seen a single through various information channels already know quite a lot. The film released four weeks, he continued to dominate the global box office, compare the history of the blockbuster movie "Titanic" at the box office records. On the last weekend, "Affan up" "stand to gain by 191.5 million U.S. dollars, the world's total box office reached 1.3 billion. Last Wednesday officially go beyond the "Lord of the Rings: Return of the King," a record 1.12 billion U.S. dollars at the box office. Become the second blockbuster film history. Of course, this also made my favorite whinelook forward to watching this film so influential.
In fact, I prefer the original movie Gao Xiaolei, and because we feel that a movie that is, to relax, so the beginning I love Yeh amount of films, perhaps his kind of comedy style has attracted me, he has a very classic dialogue segment surely we all know that bar! "There was a genuine love before me I did not make a good value, and when I http://www.rixia.cclost her when a rude awakening! The most painful thing on earth than this! If God give me another chance I would say that girl : I love you! If I have to take that love with a deadline, I hope that the thousand years! "In fact, later discovered that a movie has a lot to learn from, some movies are meaningful, people insights to the philosophy of life.
Of course, wat日夏养花网ching the English version of the film right to improve their English listening is also very good.
That reminds me of the film it had to let out a recent film "Affan up", although I have not seen a single through various information channels already know quite a lot. The film released four weeks, he continued to dominate the global box office, compare the history of the blockbuster movie "Titanic" at the box office records. On the last weekend, "Affan up" "stand to gain by 191.5 million U.S. dollars, the world's total box office reached 1.3 billion. Last Wednesday officially go beyond the "Lord of the Rings: Return of the King," a record 1.12 billion U.S. dollars at the box office. Become the second blockbuster film history. Of course, this also made my favorite whinelook forward to watching this film so influential.
In fact, I prefer the original movie Gao Xiaolei, and because we feel that a movie that is, to relax, so the beginning I love Yeh amount of films, perhaps his kind of comedy style has attracted me, he has a very classic dialogue segment surely we all know that bar! "There was a genuine love before me I did not make a good value, and when I http://www.rixia.cclost her when a rude awakening! The most painful thing on earth than this! If God give me another chance I would say that girl : I love you! If I have to take that love with a deadline, I hope that the thousand years! "In fact, later discovered that a movie has a lot to learn from, some movies are meaningful, people insights to the philosophy of life.
Of course, wat日夏养花网ching the English version of the film right to improve their English listening is also very good.
Today I want to say about the movie aspect thing. Recently left I compared am interested the movie, for example "2012", "Punctured Mausoleum". . . . . . Likes "Puncturing Mausoleum" because I am ten full outstanding fans, therefore his movie I have been like very much. mentioned that the movie can not but let me think recently left a movie "Arab League Every Reached", although I have not looked, alone customers compared with the history in the movie "Titanic" the box office record. ab League Every Reached on last weekend >" income 191,500,000 US dollars, the global total box office has amounted to 1,300,000,000 US dollars Last Wednesday surmounted "the finger ring king officially: King return" 1,120,000,000 US dollar box office records. Becomes in the movie history second to attract a lot of customers the big piece. Certainly, this also lets likes whining me anticipate that soon will watch this so to have the influence movie. looked at first actually the movie I compare like doing smile the kind, because thought that looked the movie is relaxes itself, therefore is deeply in love very much from the very beginning the star master volume movie, was probably his that kind does smiles the style to attract me, he had the section very classical dialog to think that everybody knew! “once some section of sincere love suspended in front of me I does not have to treasure well, when I lose her only then regrets not and! Society most painful matter nothing better than this! If will ascend the sky gives me an opportunity I to say again to that girl: I love you! If must add on this love a deadline, I hoped that is 10,000 years!”Actually, afterward discovered that looked the movie can also from the middle school to many thing, certain movies be the meaning, lets the person feeling become aware the life philosophy. is natural, looked that the English edition the movie to enhances own English hearing is also very good.
Today I want to say about the movie aspect thing. Recently left I compared am interested the movie, for example "2012", "Punctured Mausoleum". . . . . . Likes "Puncturing Mausoleum" because I am ten full outstanding fans, therefore his movie I have been like very much. mentioned that the movie can not but let me think recently left a movie "Arab League Every Reached", although I have not looked, alone already had understood through each kind of information channel many. This movie screens all around, he continues to dominate the global box office, most attracts a lot of customers compared with the history in the movie "Titanic" the box office record. "Arab League Every Reached on last weekend >" income 191,500,000 US dollars, the global total box office has amounted to 1,300,000,000 US dollars. Last Wednesday surmounted "the finger ring king officially: King return" 1,120,000,000 US dollar box office records. Becomes in the movie history second to attract a lot of customers the big piece. Certainly, this also lets likes whining me anticipate that soon will watch this so to have the influence movie. looked at first actually the movie I compare like doing smile the kind, because thought that looked the movie is relaxes itself, therefore is deeply in love very much from the very beginning the star master volume movie, was probably his that kind does smiles the style to attract me, he had the section very classical dialog to think that everybody knew! “once some section of sincere love suspended in front of me I does not have to treasure well, when I lose her only then regrets not and! Society most painful matter nothing better than this! If will ascend the sky gives me an opportunity I to say again to that girl: I love you! If must add on this love a deadline, I hoped that is 10,000 years!”Actually, afterward discovered that looked the movie can also from the middle school to many thing, certain movies be the meaning, lets the person feeling become aware the life philosophy. is natural, looked that the English edition the movie to enhances own English hearing is also very good.
If its good, I can give more rewards~
If its good, I can give more rewards~
帮忙翻译一篇文章（英语）急用！！！！
今晚翻译好悬赏50分！！！请与QQ：824556981联系！不能加 啊,谁知道你叫什么啊
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帮忙翻译，《老人与海》的象征意义及语言特色 蔡凤鸣的 ，急需哦。不要翻译器的，谢谢啦！！一、象征意义
象征的基本含义是用某种知觉或想象的图象标示来暗示某种不可见的意蕴,它可以通过意象来诱发欣赏者的经验和情感的表现,使文学作品产生强盛的生命力和永久的艺术魅力。作为现实主义作家,海明威深知此道,运用象征手法将抽象的思想变成具体的物象,
再让读者从具体的物象激发经验想象和收稿日期:2003-02-24
),男,贵州毕节人,贵阳师范高等专科学校英语系讲师。作者简介:蔡凤鸣(1958—
—42—
? 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net
情感的表现,去挖掘其中的意蕴。
海明威在《老人与海》中通过局部修辞手段的象征手法来赋予这部小说的象征性。
(一)故事的主人公圣地亚哥是“生命英雄”的象征。他敢于向人生的种种磨难宣战,向人的生命的极限挑战并超越它,以生命换荣誉、换尊严,从前所未有的角度震撼人心地展示了人的生命价值。在与大海、大马林鱼和鲨鱼的较量中,他以自信、勇敢、强悍的英雄形象奏响了一曲深沉低回的大提琴协奏曲。
渔民以捕鱼为生,在茫茫大海上,孤独的老人划着小船连续八十四天没有钓到一条鱼,这真是“倒了血霉”,然而,老人并没有失去信心:
Everythingabouthimwasoldexcepthiseyesandtheywerethesamecolorastheseaandwerecheer2furandundefeated.[2](P12)
眼睛是心灵的窗户,这“海水一样蓝的眼睛”跟那象征着厄运的破帆相对照,揭示出了老人圣地亚哥绝不向命运屈服的性格特征,透着老人乐观开朗,一如继往,不达目的决不罢休的精神。他决心在第八十五天“驶向远方”去钓大鱼,这是老人对理想的挚着追求,是人类要征服自身懦弱的表现。
在同大马林鱼的较量中,明知对方力量比自己强,却表现出:
Minedoesnotmatter,Icancontrol.Buthispaincoulddrivehimmad.[2](P184)
Youdidnotkillthefishonlytokeepaliveandtosellforfood,hethought.Youkilledhimforprideandbecauseyouareafisherman.[2](P1101)
语言铿锵有力,落地有声,气吞山河。同马林鱼的较量不仅是体力对抗,更重要的是对自我精神力量的确信,这种精神力量是“生命英雄”为捍卫人的尊严,而随着故事情节的发展,海明威又日夏养花网将老人一次次地推向绝境。
面对“为所欲为”的鲨鱼,人是无法抗拒的,之苦战,Hehititagoodharpoonwithallhisstrength.Hehititwithouthopebutwithmalignancy.[2](P198)
Hejerkedthetillerfromtherudderandbeatandchoppedwithit,holdingitinbothhandsanddrivingitdownagainandagain.[2](P1115)
Heleanedoverthesideandpulledlooseapieceofthemeatofthefishwherethesharkhadcuthim.Hecheweditandnoteditsqualityanditsgoodtaste.[2](P1102)
圣地亚哥不断承受着不幸命运的挑战,而正是他的勇敢和强悍战胜了一次次的厄运。面对着不断被鲨鱼撕咬的大马林鱼残骸,老人说“,一个人并不是生来给打败的,你尽可能把他消灭掉,可就是打不败他”。透过老人与鲨鱼的搏斗,我们再次领悟到“生命英雄”在精神上是不可摧毁的,是人类取得美好未来的保证。
(二)大海象征人生的搏斗场,是人类社会的剪影。海明威并没有只是对大海作客观的描写,许多地方是通过老人圣地亚哥带有倾向性的默想、回忆、自言自语等形式叙述出来的。那有毒的水母是海里最欺诈成性的生物,但却是海龟的美食:
Theturtlessawthem,approachedthemfromthefront,thenshuttheireyessotheywerecompletelycarapacedandatethemfilamentsandall.[2](P129)
可是,那可恶的鲨鱼对海龟却残酷无情:
Itwasthesesharksthatwouldcuttheturtles′legandflippersoffwhentheturtleswereasleeponthe
[2](P1104)surface,…
这海龟吃水母,鲨鱼吃海龟,还有那“在阳光下闪出银白色光的金枪鱼跳得很远地捕食小鱼”,小鸟被老鹰追捕时发出“微弱而凄惨的叫声”,于是我们便看到一幅从海底到天空的巨型画卷。在这幅画卷上到处是强者的追逐,弱者的逃奔,无处不隐伏着杀机,它所展现的是自然界中真真切切、自亘古又永恒的弱肉强食生存斗争的景象。这象征当时的美国社会,人们靠实力确定自己的地位,等级分明,没有平
—4
3
? 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net—
等、公正可言;有势力者高高在上,为所欲为,而芸芸众生则在社会底层受愚弄,遭鱼肉。大海暗示出只要出现本性同鲨鱼的统治者,哪里有他们,哪里就蒙受灾难。
(三)鲨鱼主要代表一切破坏性的力量,是掠夺成性,制造灾难,阻止人们达到理想境界的各种破坏性恶势力的象征。对鲨鱼的强壮、凶悍、残忍,作者这样描写道:
(9)Hecamelikeapigtothetroughifapighadamouthsowidethatyoucouldputyourheadinit.
[2](P1108)
(10)Inthenightsharkshitthecarcassesassomeonemightpickupcrumbsfromthetable.[2](P1116)然而,面对鲨鱼不断残暴地摧残死去的大马林鱼,老人圣地亚哥“感到就像自己挨到袭击一样”,他想“:跟它们斗,我要跟它们斗到死。”这生动地展示了人与自然界的殊死搏斗,更加反衬出人的伟大,同时也凸现了作者以斗争为乐的独特的“硬汉”性格。
(四)作者通过多处象征性描写,有意识地把老人比作基督的化身。在故事的全过程中,老人经历了
[2](P1103)了一声。作者描两次被钉十字架的过程。如,当老人圣地亚哥看到星鲨(galanos)时,不禁“Ay”
述道“:这个词儿是没法翻译的,也许不过是一声叫喊,就像一个人感到钉子穿过他的双手,钉进木头时不由自主地发出的那种喊叫声”。作者在这里暗示的“这一个人”就是“被钉十字架的耶稣”。最生动的一点是老人拖着那巨大的鱼骨架回来后“,肩扛着桅杆开始往堤岸上爬去”时,曾回头望那绑在船边的马林鱼的残骸。这一静止的镜头显示出老人作为一个基督正在开始另一次苦难的历程,而鱼作为另一个基督正被绑在十字架上。这些象征性的描写是在暗示在美国耶稣重又被钉上了十字架,基督精神死亡了。通过这种隐晦的描写表达了作者对美国现实的极度悲观。
(五)小说中一个极其重要的象征物,那群狮子”,春,象征着老人对力量的追求和对强者的向往,每次梦见量。群狮象征着同情弱者,仇视邪恶,,。,是海明威笔下硬汉形象的高度概括和升华,,寄托着他的理想及对人类的希望。小说的结尾“Theoldmanwasthelions”,[2](P1124)这是一个富有寓意的回声,体现了海明威的人生哲学与道德理想,即不向命运低头,永不服输的斗士精神和积极向上的乐观人生态度。虽然他拖回的只是一副鱼骨架,但他在精神上却始终是个胜利者。
(六)在故事的结尾处,当孩子看到那苍白的鱼骨架和老人那伤痕累累的双手时“,hestartedtocry…andallthewaydowntheroadhewascrying”.[2](P1119)孩子心痛的不仅是老人那双流过血的手,更心痛的是老人历尽艰险才得到的战利品竟然被鲨鱼咬噬得一干二净,更心痛的是老人在历经长达八十四天的凄惶失意和极度紧张艰苦的考验后所换来的却只是更大的失望。孩子的“放声大哭”使读者产生强烈的听觉感,深深地撞击着读者的心弦,甚至掩卷之后仍依稀可闻。这哭声包含着孩子对老人的无限崇敬和深深的同情。这哭声显然是孩子在老人的英雄气概感召下性格走向成熟的起点,象征孩子的回归。这一象征手法的处理昭示出“他是在通过一条相当新的路子返回到他的起点”,表达了作品的乐观主义倾向。[3]
二、语言特色
(一)简洁的语言风格
无论是叙述事实,铺陈景物,对话,还是揭示人物的心理活动,海明威在《老人与海》中的语言是简洁的,而所表达的思想又十分深刻,引人深思;不仅揭示了文体的结构关系,也表现了现代艺术的走向和审
(Lessismore);语言的表述方式简练客观而节奏迅速。如:美情趣———“越少,也就越多”
Henolongerdreamedofstorms,norofwomen,norofgreatoccurrences,norofgreatfish,norfights,norcontestsofstrength,norofhiswife.
theboy.(4)(1)Heonlydreamedofplacesnowandofthelionsonthebeach.(3)(2)Theyplayedlikeyoungcatsintheduskandhelovedthemashelovedtheboy.HeneverdreamedaboutHesimplewoke,lookedouttheopendooratthemoonandunrolledhistrousersandputthem—4
4—
? 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net
on.(5)Heurinatedoutsidetheshackandthenwentuptheroadtowaketheboy.
(7)(6)Hewasshivevingwith(8)themorningcold.
(P118)Butheknewhewouldshiverhimselfwarmandthatsoonhewouldberowing.[2]
这是海明威描写老人出海前的一段文字,共119个词。现从语音、词法和句法来分析以上这段文字的简洁之处。
从语音来看,其中单音节和双音节词竟有115个,而三个音节以上的词仅有四个。(事实上整部小
)大量使用单音节和双音节词使得这段文字读起来清新活泼、说也多是单音节和双音节词。简洁有力。
从词法来看,1、一词多义,如,wake(vi.醒来,vt.叫醒),shiver(vi.哆嗦,vt.使哆嗦)。这种情况在书中俯拾皆是,如,ship(n.船,vt,把……放进船内),sail(n.帆vi.浮游)。2、词的构成,常用前缀un来表示做相反的动作,使读者能很容易理解其含义。除本段文字中unroll一词外,本书中其它地方,如:Theold
[2](P167)manunhookedthefish…Surelyitwilluncramptohelpmyrighthand.[2](P158)Hehadunleashed
hiseffortandforcedthehandofthenegrodown…[2](P164)
书中除了用前缀un外,还常用后缀less来表示相反的意义,如:afishlessdesertneedlesstemptationhiswing′smotionless.
从句子结构来看,多用简单句(句(1)(2)(4)(5)(6)(7)),句(3)和句(8)分别是并列复合句和复合句。
可见这段文字结构并不复杂,文笔是简练的,直截了当的。句(1)和句(2)文字铿锵有力,干脆利落,作者七次重复“不再梦见”有力地烘托出老人对“那群狮子”的热烈追求,寄托着他的理想。由于梦狮所产生的精神力量,老人从梦中醒来,接着作者用了三个简单句(句(5)(6)(7)),这些动作动词使读者产生了强烈的视觉感,。
此外《老人与海》,1、常用小词。如:good和,,以引起读者的联想。例如:
(1)He′sgoodandsoamI.[2](P168)
(2)Itwasverygoodagainstallcoldsandgrippesanditwasgoodfortheeyes.[2](P130-31)2、常用省略结构。从语法上分析,这种省略句结构不算完整,但从上下文看意义是清楚的,它使语言更生动活泼,更接近现实生活,表意更突出,能收到言简意赅的强烈效果。例如:
(3)Iremembereverythingfromwhenwefirstwenttogelher.[2](P15)(在when前省略thetime)(4)Ibetterputasmalllineoutwithaspoononit…[2](P193)(在better前省略had,小说中有3次省略,见P179,93,113)
读完下面的句子,细细咀嚼,更使我们对海明威简洁的写作技巧称口叫绝:
(5)Icandonothingwithhimandhecandonothingwithme,hethought.Notaslongashekeepsthisup.[2](P141)
(6)“Ishouldn′thavegoneoutsofar,fish,”hesaid.“Neitherforyounorforme.I′msorry,fish”.[2](P1106)
句(5)中的“Not”不仅指前面的并列句,而且以“Not”一词开头,明白地告诉读者老人同大马林鱼的较量是谁也奈何不得,充分表达了老人此刻的内心活动,加强了语言表达效果。就句(6)而言,从语法上分析,在“Neither”和“nor”后省略了good一词,这前后的省略表明了老人对这次“远海”钓到大马林鱼后的复杂心理活动。
3、含蓄也是这部小说简洁文体的一个特点。它对所提出的事实不加评论、解释,让读者从简洁平谈的叙述中去慢慢品味,猜想。且看老人是如何在清晨喊醒小男孩的:
[2](P118)Hetookholdofonefootgentlyandheldituntiltheboywoke…
这无声的语言意蕴着无限的温情,然而它丝毫无损于老人的“硬汉”形象,相反,它更充分地表现了老人“重压下的优雅风度”———刚柔共济,相得益彰。
—4
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? 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net—
(二)比喻手法
比喻手法的运用是这部小说的一大语言特色。海明威在描写人物、景物和鱼类时都大量运用这一手法,充分展示了他细腻、精湛、巧妙的语言修辞艺术和独特的写作技巧。通过比喻,折射出许多丰富生动的形象和深层的意蕴,增强了语言在小说中的表意功能,突出了主题。如海明威对老人圣地亚哥左手的比喻模写:
(1)Hislefthandwasstillastightasthegrippedclawsofaneagle.[2](P158)
(2)Buthislefthandhadalwaysbeenatraitorandwouldnotdowhathecalledonittodoandhedidnottrustit.[2](P165)
句(1)的比喻结构是as+adj.+as+名词(喻体),明喻。鹰是人们熟悉的凶猛的飞禽“像紧抓着的,
鹰爪”比喻具体、形象,使人们产生种种可怕的联想。句(2)是用一个名词“traitor”作隐喻,比喻他的左手总是不听他的吩咐,总是背叛他。这两句对左手背叛比喻的描写有更深层的含意。海明威创作《老人与海》的年月正值麦卡锡主义在美国猖獗横行,民主与进步力量遭到疯狂的迫害,某些一度左倾的作家“在拼命地向麦卡锡道歉”,告密者成为名利双收的“爱国者”和“民族英雄”。海明威用含蓄象征的比喻手法表示了对这“叛徒似的左手”极大的鄙视。
海明威在小说中常用比喻手法的描写以景抒情,以景喻情,充满丰富的象征寓意。例如:(3)Hecouldnotseethegreenoftheshorenowbutonlythetopsofthebluehillsthatshowedwhiteasthoughtheyweresnow-cappedandthecloudsthatlookedlikehighsnowmountainsabovethem.[2](P133)
(4)HelookedattheskyandsawthewhitecumulusbuiltlikefriendlypilesoficecreamandhighabovewerethethinfeathersofthecirrusagainstthehighSemptember[2](P155)
句(3)的比喻结构分别由asthough+从句和like+(,顶峰上空的云块又像是高耸的雪山,,显示出大海无比的壮美。,,有了雪,山才显得更加深沉与伟岸。句(4)+(喻体)+of+名词(主体)构成。像一堆堆冰淇淋似的积云,,让人赏心悦目,意蕴着老人对大海的热爱。
老人圣地亚哥同大马林鱼的搏斗是这部小说的主要情节。海明威作意对大马林鱼身体形象细腻的比喻描写则意味着更多的东西。例如:
(5)Hisswordwasaslongasabaseballbatandtaperedlikearapiered…[2](P157)
(6)Thewiremusthaveslippedonthegreathillofhisback.[2](P146)
(7)Hecouldpicturethefishswimminginthewaterwithhispurplepectoralfinssetwideaswings…Hiseyeishugeandahorse,withlesseye,canseeinthedark.[2](P161-62)
(8)Theoldmanwasafraidhewouldcutthelinewithhistailwhichwassharpasascytheandalmostofthatsizeandshape.[2](P143)
(8)的比喻结构都是由as+名词(喻体)构成,同时在句(7)中,作者把大马林鱼的眼睛同马的句(7)、
眼睛形象地联系起来作了大小的比较。通过以上四句的比喻描写,一条凶猛的大马林鱼形象地展现在读者面前:它的嘴像棒球棒一样长,然后逐渐细如轻剑,脊背像小山一样高高隆起,紫色的胸鳍宽如翅膀,眼像似马眼却比马眼还大,尾巴像大镰刀般锋利而大小和形状都和大镰刀差不多。这些形象精湛的比喻喻体都是具体名词,能使读者唤起对客观具体事物的联想,增强了语言的表现力,而轻剑、大镰刀更容易使人产生可怕的联想。由此可见,这鱼不仅强大凶猛,而且美丽、高贵,这暗示着老人要战胜它是非常艰难的,是一次意志与力量的较量,是一场生死的搏斗。这些精湛的比喻也表明,凭着这鱼庞大的身躯、姿态、威力及美丽的色泽,谁也不配吃它,同时也使人联想到它象征人们渴望创造奇迹,要达到的宏伟目标,甚至是要实现的远大理想。
(三)重复手法
海明威在《老人与海》中重复和略有变化的重复使用同一个词、短语或句子,一方面使得语句连贯,—4
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? 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net
三亿文库3y.uu456.com包含各类专业文献、生活休闲娱乐、应用写作文书、行业资料、高等教育、专业论文、幼儿教育、小学教育、97_老人与海_的象征意义及语言特色等内容。
象征的基本含义是用某种知觉或想象的图象标示来暗示某种不可见的意蕴,它可以通过意象来诱发欣赏者的经验和情感的表现,使文学作品产生强盛的生命力和永久的艺术魅力。作为现实主义作家,海明威深知此道,运用象征手法将抽象的思想变成具体的物象,
再让读者从具体的物象激发经验想象和收稿日期:2003-02-24
),男,贵州毕节人,贵阳师范高等专科学校英语系讲师。作者简介:蔡凤鸣(1958—
—42—
? 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net
情感的表现,去挖掘其中的意蕴。
海明威在《老人与海》中通过局部修辞手段的象征手法来赋予这部小说的象征性。
(一)故事的主人公圣地亚哥是“生命英雄”的象征。他敢于向人生的种种磨难宣战,向人的生命的极限挑战并超越它,以生命换荣誉、换尊严,从前所未有的角度震撼人心地展示了人的生命价值。在与大海、大马林鱼和鲨鱼的较量中,他以自信、勇敢、强悍的英雄形象奏响了一曲深沉低回的大提琴协奏曲。
渔民以捕鱼为生,在茫茫大海上,孤独的老人划着小船连续八十四天没有钓到一条鱼,这真是“倒了血霉”,然而,老人并没有失去信心:
Everythingabouthimwasoldexcepthiseyesandtheywerethesamecolorastheseaandwerecheer2furandundefeated.[2](P12)
眼睛是心灵的窗户,这“海水一样蓝的眼睛”跟那象征着厄运的破帆相对照,揭示出了老人圣地亚哥绝不向命运屈服的性格特征,透着老人乐观开朗,一如继往,不达目的决不罢休的精神。他决心在第八十五天“驶向远方”去钓大鱼,这是老人对理想的挚着追求,是人类要征服自身懦弱的表现。
在同大马林鱼的较量中,明知对方力量比自己强,却表现出:
Minedoesnotmatter,Icancontrol.Buthispaincoulddrivehimmad.[2](P184)
Youdidnotkillthefishonlytokeepaliveandtosellforfood,hethought.Youkilledhimforprideandbecauseyouareafisherman.[2](P1101)
语言铿锵有力,落地有声,气吞山河。同马林鱼的较量不仅是体力对抗,更重要的是对自我精神力量的确信,这种精神力量是“生命英雄”为捍卫人的尊严,而随着故事情节的发展,海明威又日夏养花网将老人一次次地推向绝境。
面对“为所欲为”的鲨鱼,人是无法抗拒的,之苦战,Hehititagoodharpoonwithallhisstrength.Hehititwithouthopebutwithmalignancy.[2](P198)
Hejerkedthetillerfromtherudderandbeatandchoppedwithit,holdingitinbothhandsanddrivingitdownagainandagain.[2](P1115)
Heleanedoverthesideandpulledlooseapieceofthemeatofthefishwherethesharkhadcuthim.Hecheweditandnoteditsqualityanditsgoodtaste.[2](P1102)
圣地亚哥不断承受着不幸命运的挑战,而正是他的勇敢和强悍战胜了一次次的厄运。面对着不断被鲨鱼撕咬的大马林鱼残骸,老人说“,一个人并不是生来给打败的,你尽可能把他消灭掉,可就是打不败他”。透过老人与鲨鱼的搏斗,我们再次领悟到“生命英雄”在精神上是不可摧毁的,是人类取得美好未来的保证。
(二)大海象征人生的搏斗场,是人类社会的剪影。海明威并没有只是对大海作客观的描写,许多地方是通过老人圣地亚哥带有倾向性的默想、回忆、自言自语等形式叙述出来的。那有毒的水母是海里最欺诈成性的生物,但却是海龟的美食:
Theturtlessawthem,approachedthemfromthefront,thenshuttheireyessotheywerecompletelycarapacedandatethemfilamentsandall.[2](P129)
可是,那可恶的鲨鱼对海龟却残酷无情:
Itwasthesesharksthatwouldcuttheturtles′legandflippersoffwhentheturtleswereasleeponthe
[2](P1104)surface,…
这海龟吃水母,鲨鱼吃海龟,还有那“在阳光下闪出银白色光的金枪鱼跳得很远地捕食小鱼”,小鸟被老鹰追捕时发出“微弱而凄惨的叫声”,于是我们便看到一幅从海底到天空的巨型画卷。在这幅画卷上到处是强者的追逐,弱者的逃奔,无处不隐伏着杀机,它所展现的是自然界中真真切切、自亘古又永恒的弱肉强食生存斗争的景象。这象征当时的美国社会,人们靠实力确定自己的地位,等级分明,没有平
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? 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net—
等、公正可言;有势力者高高在上,为所欲为,而芸芸众生则在社会底层受愚弄,遭鱼肉。大海暗示出只要出现本性同鲨鱼的统治者,哪里有他们,哪里就蒙受灾难。
(三)鲨鱼主要代表一切破坏性的力量,是掠夺成性,制造灾难,阻止人们达到理想境界的各种破坏性恶势力的象征。对鲨鱼的强壮、凶悍、残忍,作者这样描写道:
(9)Hecamelikeapigtothetroughifapighadamouthsowidethatyoucouldputyourheadinit.
[2](P1108)
(10)Inthenightsharkshitthecarcassesassomeonemightpickupcrumbsfromthetable.[2](P1116)然而,面对鲨鱼不断残暴地摧残死去的大马林鱼,老人圣地亚哥“感到就像自己挨到袭击一样”,他想“:跟它们斗,我要跟它们斗到死。”这生动地展示了人与自然界的殊死搏斗,更加反衬出人的伟大,同时也凸现了作者以斗争为乐的独特的“硬汉”性格。
(四)作者通过多处象征性描写,有意识地把老人比作基督的化身。在故事的全过程中,老人经历了
[2](P1103)了一声。作者描两次被钉十字架的过程。如,当老人圣地亚哥看到星鲨(galanos)时,不禁“Ay”
述道“:这个词儿是没法翻译的,也许不过是一声叫喊,就像一个人感到钉子穿过他的双手,钉进木头时不由自主地发出的那种喊叫声”。作者在这里暗示的“这一个人”就是“被钉十字架的耶稣”。最生动的一点是老人拖着那巨大的鱼骨架回来后“,肩扛着桅杆开始往堤岸上爬去”时,曾回头望那绑在船边的马林鱼的残骸。这一静止的镜头显示出老人作为一个基督正在开始另一次苦难的历程,而鱼作为另一个基督正被绑在十字架上。这些象征性的描写是在暗示在美国耶稣重又被钉上了十字架,基督精神死亡了。通过这种隐晦的描写表达了作者对美国现实的极度悲观。
(五)小说中一个极其重要的象征物,那群狮子”,春,象征着老人对力量的追求和对强者的向往,每次梦见量。群狮象征着同情弱者,仇视邪恶,,。,是海明威笔下硬汉形象的高度概括和升华,,寄托着他的理想及对人类的希望。小说的结尾“Theoldmanwasthelions”,[2](P1124)这是一个富有寓意的回声,体现了海明威的人生哲学与道德理想,即不向命运低头,永不服输的斗士精神和积极向上的乐观人生态度。虽然他拖回的只是一副鱼骨架,但他在精神上却始终是个胜利者。
(六)在故事的结尾处,当孩子看到那苍白的鱼骨架和老人那伤痕累累的双手时“,hestartedtocry…andallthewaydowntheroadhewascrying”.[2](P1119)孩子心痛的不仅是老人那双流过血的手,更心痛的是老人历尽艰险才得到的战利品竟然被鲨鱼咬噬得一干二净,更心痛的是老人在历经长达八十四天的凄惶失意和极度紧张艰苦的考验后所换来的却只是更大的失望。孩子的“放声大哭”使读者产生强烈的听觉感,深深地撞击着读者的心弦,甚至掩卷之后仍依稀可闻。这哭声包含着孩子对老人的无限崇敬和深深的同情。这哭声显然是孩子在老人的英雄气概感召下性格走向成熟的起点,象征孩子的回归。这一象征手法的处理昭示出“他是在通过一条相当新的路子返回到他的起点”,表达了作品的乐观主义倾向。[3]
二、语言特色
(一)简洁的语言风格
无论是叙述事实,铺陈景物,对话,还是揭示人物的心理活动,海明威在《老人与海》中的语言是简洁的,而所表达的思想又十分深刻,引人深思;不仅揭示了文体的结构关系,也表现了现代艺术的走向和审
(Lessismore);语言的表述方式简练客观而节奏迅速。如:美情趣———“越少,也就越多”
Henolongerdreamedofstorms,norofwomen,norofgreatoccurrences,norofgreatfish,norfights,norcontestsofstrength,norofhiswife.
theboy.(4)(1)Heonlydreamedofplacesnowandofthelionsonthebeach.(3)(2)Theyplayedlikeyoungcatsintheduskandhelovedthemashelovedtheboy.HeneverdreamedaboutHesimplewoke,lookedouttheopendooratthemoonandunrolledhistrousersandputthem—4
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? 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net
on.(5)Heurinatedoutsidetheshackandthenwentuptheroadtowaketheboy.
(7)(6)Hewasshivevingwith(8)themorningcold.
(P118)Butheknewhewouldshiverhimselfwarmandthatsoonhewouldberowing.[2]
这是海明威描写老人出海前的一段文字,共119个词。现从语音、词法和句法来分析以上这段文字的简洁之处。
从语音来看,其中单音节和双音节词竟有115个,而三个音节以上的词仅有四个。(事实上整部小
)大量使用单音节和双音节词使得这段文字读起来清新活泼、说也多是单音节和双音节词。简洁有力。
从词法来看,1、一词多义,如,wake(vi.醒来,vt.叫醒),shiver(vi.哆嗦,vt.使哆嗦)。这种情况在书中俯拾皆是,如,ship(n.船,vt,把……放进船内),sail(n.帆vi.浮游)。2、词的构成,常用前缀un来表示做相反的动作,使读者能很容易理解其含义。除本段文字中unroll一词外,本书中其它地方,如:Theold
[2](P167)manunhookedthefish…Surelyitwilluncramptohelpmyrighthand.[2](P158)Hehadunleashed
hiseffortandforcedthehandofthenegrodown…[2](P164)
书中除了用前缀un外,还常用后缀less来表示相反的意义,如:afishlessdesertneedlesstemptationhiswing′smotionless.
从句子结构来看,多用简单句(句(1)(2)(4)(5)(6)(7)),句(3)和句(8)分别是并列复合句和复合句。
可见这段文字结构并不复杂,文笔是简练的,直截了当的。句(1)和句(2)文字铿锵有力,干脆利落,作者七次重复“不再梦见”有力地烘托出老人对“那群狮子”的热烈追求,寄托着他的理想。由于梦狮所产生的精神力量,老人从梦中醒来,接着作者用了三个简单句(句(5)(6)(7)),这些动作动词使读者产生了强烈的视觉感,。
此外《老人与海》,1、常用小词。如:good和,,以引起读者的联想。例如:
(1)He′sgoodandsoamI.[2](P168)
(2)Itwasverygoodagainstallcoldsandgrippesanditwasgoodfortheeyes.[2](P130-31)2、常用省略结构。从语法上分析,这种省略句结构不算完整,但从上下文看意义是清楚的,它使语言更生动活泼,更接近现实生活,表意更突出,能收到言简意赅的强烈效果。例如:
(3)Iremembereverythingfromwhenwefirstwenttogelher.[2](P15)(在when前省略thetime)(4)Ibetterputasmalllineoutwithaspoononit…[2](P193)(在better前省略had,小说中有3次省略,见P179,93,113)
读完下面的句子,细细咀嚼,更使我们对海明威简洁的写作技巧称口叫绝:
(5)Icandonothingwithhimandhecandonothingwithme,hethought.Notaslongashekeepsthisup.[2](P141)
(6)“Ishouldn′thavegoneoutsofar,fish,”hesaid.“Neitherforyounorforme.I′msorry,fish”.[2](P1106)
句(5)中的“Not”不仅指前面的并列句,而且以“Not”一词开头,明白地告诉读者老人同大马林鱼的较量是谁也奈何不得,充分表达了老人此刻的内心活动,加强了语言表达效果。就句(6)而言,从语法上分析,在“Neither”和“nor”后省略了good一词,这前后的省略表明了老人对这次“远海”钓到大马林鱼后的复杂心理活动。
3、含蓄也是这部小说简洁文体的一个特点。它对所提出的事实不加评论、解释,让读者从简洁平谈的叙述中去慢慢品味,猜想。且看老人是如何在清晨喊醒小男孩的:
[2](P118)Hetookholdofonefootgentlyandheldituntiltheboywoke…
这无声的语言意蕴着无限的温情,然而它丝毫无损于老人的“硬汉”形象,相反,它更充分地表现了老人“重压下的优雅风度”———刚柔共济,相得益彰。
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? 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net—
(二)比喻手法
比喻手法的运用是这部小说的一大语言特色。海明威在描写人物、景物和鱼类时都大量运用这一手法,充分展示了他细腻、精湛、巧妙的语言修辞艺术和独特的写作技巧。通过比喻,折射出许多丰富生动的形象和深层的意蕴,增强了语言在小说中的表意功能,突出了主题。如海明威对老人圣地亚哥左手的比喻模写:
(1)Hislefthandwasstillastightasthegrippedclawsofaneagle.[2](P158)
(2)Buthislefthandhadalwaysbeenatraitorandwouldnotdowhathecalledonittodoandhedidnottrustit.[2](P165)
句(1)的比喻结构是as+adj.+as+名词(喻体),明喻。鹰是人们熟悉的凶猛的飞禽“像紧抓着的,
鹰爪”比喻具体、形象,使人们产生种种可怕的联想。句(2)是用一个名词“traitor”作隐喻,比喻他的左手总是不听他的吩咐,总是背叛他。这两句对左手背叛比喻的描写有更深层的含意。海明威创作《老人与海》的年月正值麦卡锡主义在美国猖獗横行,民主与进步力量遭到疯狂的迫害,某些一度左倾的作家“在拼命地向麦卡锡道歉”,告密者成为名利双收的“爱国者”和“民族英雄”。海明威用含蓄象征的比喻手法表示了对这“叛徒似的左手”极大的鄙视。
海明威在小说中常用比喻手法的描写以景抒情,以景喻情,充满丰富的象征寓意。例如:(3)Hecouldnotseethegreenoftheshorenowbutonlythetopsofthebluehillsthatshowedwhiteasthoughtheyweresnow-cappedandthecloudsthatlookedlikehighsnowmountainsabovethem.[2](P133)
(4)HelookedattheskyandsawthewhitecumulusbuiltlikefriendlypilesoficecreamandhighabovewerethethinfeathersofthecirrusagainstthehighSemptember[2](P155)
句(3)的比喻结构分别由asthough+从句和like+(,顶峰上空的云块又像是高耸的雪山,,显示出大海无比的壮美。,,有了雪,山才显得更加深沉与伟岸。句(4)+(喻体)+of+名词(主体)构成。像一堆堆冰淇淋似的积云,,让人赏心悦目,意蕴着老人对大海的热爱。
老人圣地亚哥同大马林鱼的搏斗是这部小说的主要情节。海明威作意对大马林鱼身体形象细腻的比喻描写则意味着更多的东西。例如:
(5)Hisswordwasaslongasabaseballbatandtaperedlikearapiered…[2](P157)
(6)Thewiremusthaveslippedonthegreathillofhisback.[2](P146)
(7)Hecouldpicturethefishswimminginthewaterwithhispurplepectoralfinssetwideaswings…Hiseyeishugeandahorse,withlesseye,canseeinthedark.[2](P161-62)
(8)Theoldmanwasafraidhewouldcutthelinewithhistailwhichwassharpasascytheandalmostofthatsizeandshape.[2](P143)
(8)的比喻结构都是由as+名词(喻体)构成,同时在句(7)中,作者把大马林鱼的眼睛同马的句(7)、
眼睛形象地联系起来作了大小的比较。通过以上四句的比喻描写,一条凶猛的大马林鱼形象地展现在读者面前:它的嘴像棒球棒一样长,然后逐渐细如轻剑,脊背像小山一样高高隆起,紫色的胸鳍宽如翅膀,眼像似马眼却比马眼还大,尾巴像大镰刀般锋利而大小和形状都和大镰刀差不多。这些形象精湛的比喻喻体都是具体名词,能使读者唤起对客观具体事物的联想,增强了语言的表现力,而轻剑、大镰刀更容易使人产生可怕的联想。由此可见,这鱼不仅强大凶猛,而且美丽、高贵,这暗示着老人要战胜它是非常艰难的,是一次意志与力量的较量,是一场生死的搏斗。这些精湛的比喻也表明,凭着这鱼庞大的身躯、姿态、威力及美丽的色泽,谁也不配吃它,同时也使人联想到它象征人们渴望创造奇迹,要达到的宏伟目标,甚至是要实现的远大理想。
(三)重复手法
海明威在《老人与海》中重复和略有变化的重复使用同一个词、短语或句子,一方面使得语句连贯,—4
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